Fractures

What is the skeletal system?

The human skeleton is the internal framework of the human body. It consists of around 206 bones, and makes up to about 14% of the total body weight. The skeletal system has many functions:

1. Allows movement: Bones, joints and muscles work together to allow movement such as jumping, running, standing, pulling, pushing, etc.

2. Produces blood cells

3. Protects and supports organs: your skull protects your brain, your ribs protect your heart and lungs, your backbone protects your spine.

What is a fracture?

A fracture, or broken bone, occurs when the force applied to a bone is greater than what it can withstand. This typically occurs with trauma, for example, a fall from height or a motor vehicle accident. In some cases, diseases of the bone, such as osteoporosis (low bone density), may cause the bone to weaken and thus fracture more easily.

What happens when you break a bone?

A fracture is typically confirmed trough X-ray. Once a fracture is confirmed, the area will need to be stabilized and immobilized, to allow the fracture to heal. This is usually achieved through the use of a plaster cast, or splints/slings, depending on which bones are effected. In some cases, surgery may be required to stabilize the fracture. Bones will usually take 4-12 weeks to heal, but may sometimes take several months to heal completely.

During this period of immobilization, physiotherapy is essential to ensure:

1. Maximize and maintain strength of weakened muscles;

2. Maintain movement of surrounding joints;

3. Promote healing

4. Reduce pain and swelling.

If you suffer a fracture in the lower body, the physiotherapist will also instruct you on using walking aids, for example crutches, according to weight bearing restrictions. This includes going up and down stairs. In case of upper extremity fractures, the physiotherapist will also teach you how to apply and remove your sling, if you have one.

Once the bone heals and the cast/sling is removed, physiotherapy is essential to restore normal function. Physiotherapy will focus on regaining your flexibility and strength, and decrease pain and swelling. If you have fractured your leg, physiotherapy will help you improve your walking.

How long should Physiotherapy last?

Everyone's fracture is different, and everyone heals at different rates. In general, this should take around 8 weeks, however your rehabilitation will depend on the type of fracture, age, and other factors.

How can you keep your skeletal system healthy?

To keep you skeleton strong and healthy, you should:

1. Get plenty of Vitamin D and Calcium in your diet;

2. Drink plenty of water;

3. Exercise regularly, to strengthen bones and joints;

4. Maintain a healthy body weight;

5. Wear protective gear, for example, helmet, seat-belt, etc;